Unionstate And Interstate Communication
The language in which communications between different states, or from the union government to a state or a person in a state, shall be sent is regulated by the Official Languages Act and, for states other than Tamil Nadu, by the Official Languages Rules. Communication between states which use Hindi as their official language is required to be in Hindi, whereas communication between a state whose official language is Hindi and one whose is not, is required to be in English, or, in Hindi with an accompanying English translation .
Communication between the union and states which use Hindi as their official language , and with persons who live in those states, is generally in Hindi, except in certain cases. Communication with a second category of states “Region B”, which do not use Hindi as their official language but have elected to communicate with the union in Hindi is usually in Hindi, whilst communications sent to an individual in those states may be in Hindi and English. Communication with all other states “Region C”, and with people living in them, is in English.
Each official language has a designated official script using which it is written for official purposes.
| Script |
|---|
Cherokee Twirler To Perform At National Title Game
Apache
Apache, Rio Grande Keresan, Cherokee and Choctaw are each spoken by between 10,000 and 15,000 people. UNESCO lists five groups of Apache speakers: Jicarilla Apache, Kiowa Apache, Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache and Western Apache, with the last group accounting for half the speakers. Western Apache is spoken on the San Carlos Apache, Ft. Apache, Tonto, Ft. McDowell and Camp Verde Reservations.
Rio Grand Keresan
This is the language of seven of the New Mexico Rio Grande pueblos: Acoma, Laguna, Santa Ana, Zia, Kewa, Cochiti and San Felipe. The pueblo peoples of the Southwest have rich language diversity. The Hopi language is Uto-Aztecan, Zuni is a language isolate related to the Penutian languages, the Tanoan languages include Towa , Tewa , and there are three Tiwa languages, Taos, Picuris, and Southern Tiwa .
Cherokee
Cherokee is a member of the Iroquoian language family. In 1821, Sequoyah invented a Cherokee syllabary , using letters of the Roman alphabet from English, modified Roman letters and invented symbols. The Cherokee people have gone to great lengths to preserve not only their spoken language but also the written language and many resources are available online.
Vincent Schilling
Dahkota Franklin Kicking Bear Brown, Wilton Miwok, was chosen as a Champion for Change because of his commitment to helping other Native students succeed.
Choctaw
There Are 121 Languages Which Are Spoken By 10000 Or More People In India Which Has A Population Of 121 Crore The Report Said
More than 19,500 languages or dialects are spoken in India as mother tongues, according to the latest analysis of a census released this week.
There are 121 languages which are spoken by 10,000 or more people in India, which has a population of 121 crore, it said.
The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India, said since a household may consist of persons related by blood or of unrelated persons or a mix of both, it is absolutely necessary to ask every person about her or his mother tongue.
It was required because the mother tongue of each member of a household need not necessarily be the same these may be different for different members in the household.
The number of such raw returns of mother tongues has totalled 19,569, the report of the 2011 census said. However, 96.71 per cent population in the country have one of the 22 scheduled languages as their mother tongue.
Since mother tongues, as returned in the census, are basically the designations provided by the respondents of the linguistic mediums in which the respondents think they communicate, they need not be identical with the actual linguistic mediums, it said.
For assessing the correlation between the mother tongue and designations of the census and for presenting the numerous raw returns in terms of their linguistic affiliation to actual languages and dialects, 19,569 raw returns were subjected to thorough linguistic scrutiny, edit and rationalisation.
You May Like: Speech For Celebration Of Life
Recommended Reading: Easiest Programming Language To Learn First
Official Language Of India List
The eighth schedule of the Indian Constitution recognizes 22 different languages. Articles 343 to 351 of Part XVII of the Indian Constitution address the countrys official tongues.
The remaining languages were eventually added, following a number of changes, as initially only 14 languages were specified. View the list of all 22 Indian languages that the Indian Constitution recognizes.
| Sr. No |
Other Interesting Indian Language Facts
- Hindi ranks as one of the most spoken languages in the world. Bengali is also one of the most spoken languages in the world.
- India has no national language. After independence, it became too hard to select one from the thousands spoken.
- English has many words of Indian origin including dungarees, avatar, , roti, dinghy, chutney and mongoose.
- Telugu is an Indian language which is known as the âItalian of the Eastâ.
- Hindi got its name from the Persian word Hind, meaning ‘land of the Indus River’.
- Sanskrit, Urdu, Nepalese, Bengali and Gujarati all have some similarities with Hindi, either in spoken language or in the written script.
- Malayalam, the language spoken in the southern Indian state of Kerala, is the longest palindrome in the English language
Also Check: I Want To Learn American Sign Language
How Many Languages Are Actually Spoken In India
What languages are spoken in India? Far more than the 22 scheduled tongues! The 2011 Census of India identified 270 mother tongues with 10,000 or more speakers each. Those include, 123 mother tongues grouped under the Scheduled Languages and 147 mother tongues grouped under the Non-Scheduled languages.
These non-scheduled languages range from those with comparatively few speakers, such as the 16,000 or so people who speak Gangte natively, to major tongues with over 10 million speakers, such as Bhili.
In terms of how many languages in India can be considered as primary languages, it can be helpful to look at what percentage of the population speaks each one. Hindi leads the pack, being spoken natively by 43.63% of Indians.
What do Indians speak in significant numbers other than Hindi? Well, 8.03% of the population speak Bengali, 6.86% speak Marathi, 6.70% speak Telugu, 5,70% speak Tamil, 4.58% speak Gujarati and 4.19% speak Urdu. All other Indian languages are spoken by less than 4% of the countrys population each. In total, India is home to 60 languages with over a million speakers each.
What Language Should You Learn Before Visiting India
When traveling to India, it is not necessary to learn a new language because the majority of Indians speak English well. In big cities, most foreigners will have no problems getting by with English and in rural areas, you can always travel with a guide.
However, if you want to learn some Indian phrases, you will be able to impress the locals with your interest in their culture and you may make some new friends during your travels.
If you are only visiting one region in India, then the best idea is to learn a few phrases in that region’s local language. However, if you are traveling across many regions in India, the best language to learn is Hindi as it is the most widely understood.
You May Like: The Five Love Languages Summary
Useful Phrases In Hindi
As Hindi is the most widely spoken language in India, when traveling in India it’s a good idea to know some basic phrases that you can practice with the locals.
The first important word to know is thank you which is Hindi is shukriya . Shukriya is a great word to use whenever you buy something or when someone helps you during your travels.
When traveling in India, it is also a good idea to know the words for yes and no in Hindi. Although everyone in India will understand the words “yes” and “no” in English. They may answer your questions using the Hindi versions which are haa for yes and nah hi or naa
Lastly, because India is a country with a high population, when using public transportation or when visiting busy tourist attractions you may want to say excuse me. In Hindi, there is no direct translation for excuse me, but Indians will often say “I’m sorry” when brushing past people instead. I’m sorry in Hindi is maaf keejiye .
For more Hindi travel phrases please check out the article How to Say Hello in Hindi.
When Hindi Become The National Language Of India
In 1965, Hindi has declared the national language of India. Hindi is spoken by the majority of people in India, but there are 22 other official languages as well. The list of other national languages of India includes Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, and Urdu. There is no one answer to whether or not India has a national language. While Hindi is the most widely spoken language, many others are also official languages. The English language is also used in various regions of India and there is a large percentage of the Indian population that speaks English. It all depends on what region youre from and which area you visit when it comes to understanding which languages are official for the region youre visiting.
Recommended Reading: Online Speech-language Pathology Programs
Also Check: Is German Language Easy To Learn
/6these Are Some Interesting Insights About Understanding A Person’s Body Language
Understanding a persons point of view when they are not vocal about their feelings and opinions can be quite difficult. But thats where the concept of reading ones body language comes in. The human body is very expressive in its own way and small, subconscious actions can mean different things. One can understand the intricacies of human behaviour by carefully observing a persons body language. Here are some ways to understand a persons body language.
Other Languages In India
Both Hindi and English are the official languages of the central government in India. However, individual state parliaments can adopt any regional language as a language of state government and education. The Indian Constitution guarantees all Indians the right to be able to express themselves in their own tongue to any government agency.
The largest language that is not one of the 22 official languages of India is the Bhili language. It has some 5.5 million native speakers . Gondi , Tulu and Kurukh follows after Bhili.
Read Also: Example Of An Introduction Speech
Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M K Stalin On Friday Described Language As The Life Of A Race And Listed Out The Various Steps Taken By His Party Dmk Over The Years To Promote And Nurture The Tamil Language The Tamil Race Was The Only One To Have Given Its Life To Protect The Language He Said In An Apparent Reference To The Anti
Image: ANI
Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M K Stalin on Friday described language as the “life” of a race and listed out the various steps taken by his party DMK over the years to promote and nurture the Tamil language. The Tamil race was the only one to have “given its life to protect the language,” he said in an apparent reference to the anti-Hindi agitation of the 1960s.
He quoted his father, the late DMK president and former CM M Karunanidhi, as saying in 1974 that ensuring “language respect” was imperative. He was addressing the Chennai Literary Festival 2023 after inaugurating the event. “That is the need of the hour. Language is the life of a race.
Nobody should forget literature is its heart. Our Tamil race gave its life to protect the language. Though the Dravidian movement is political, it has always been one that has protected the language,” Stalin, also chief of the ruling DMK in the state, said. He recalled the various pro-Tamil initiatives of his party-led government over the years, including naming the state as Tamil Nadu, ensuring Tamil the classical language status, rechristening Madras as Chennai, vigorously promoting Tirukkural and erecting a 133 ft statue of Tiruvalluvar, who penned it, in Kanyakumari. Quoting from the Tirukkural, he said its highlighting equality will unite people whenever there was division on the basis of communalism and casteism.
Which Languages Are Spoken In India
Illustration by Zemir Bermeo.
The first thing you need to know about Indias linguistic landscape is that its impossible to speak about an Indian language as if there were only one. Did you know that if two unknown Indians met randomly on the street, there would only be a 36% chance that they would understand each other? Of course, that 36% depends a lot on their ethnicity and place of origin.
For years, classifying the languages spoken in India has been a very complicated task since experts have to differentiate between dialects and mother tongues that share many similarities. This isnt exactly surprising considering that:
- India is the seventh largest country in the world
- Over 1.3 billion people live in India
- The distance between northern India and southern India is similar to the distance between Canada and Mexico
A census conducted in 2011 showed that India has about 19,569 languages and dialects, of which almost 1,369 are considered dialects and only 121 are recognized as languages . The languages spoken in India belong mainly to two big linguistic families: the Indo-European and the Dravidian others come mainly from the Austro-Asian and Tibetan-Burman linguistic families.
Recommended Reading: Gkt English Language Skills Practice Test
National Languages Of India In Hindi
, , 1963 3 , 343 , ,
?
, , 1900 , – , 1950 , , –
Why Is Sanskrit So Controversial
India’s new government focus on Sanskrit has sparked a fresh debate over the role language plays in the lives of the country’s religious and linguistic minorities.
Inside a brightly lit classroom at Delhi’s Laxman Public school, a group of students sing a Sanskrit hymn.
Across the corridor, in another classroom, a group of grade eight students are being taught Vedic Mathematics, which dates back to a time in ancient India when Sanskrit was the main language used by scholars.
It is all part of Sanskrit week – a celebration of the classical language across hundreds of schools mandated by India’s new federal right-wing government.
“It’s our mother language, the root of all our languages,” says Usha Ram, the school principal.
“All over the world people try to preserve their traditions. Why not in India?”
Sanskrit is a language which belongs to the Indo-Aryan group and is the root of many, but not all Indian languages.
“If you know Sanskrit, you can easily understand many Indian languages such as Hindi, Bengali and Marathi,” says Vaishnav, a grade 11 student at Laxman Public School.
But Sanskrit is now spoken by less than 1% of Indians and is mostly used by Hindu priests during religious ceremonies.
It’s one of the official languages in only one Indian state, Uttarakhand in the north, which is dotted with historical Hindu temple towns.
In May, several of its new cabinet ministers chose to take their oath of office in Sanskrit.
But this is an argument that is heavily contested.
Also Check: Language Development Activities For 4-5 Year Olds
Karwa Chauth : As Indian Married Women Gear Up To Celebrate The Auspicious Occasion Let Us Find Out The Reason Behind The Celebration
HAPPY KARVA CHAUTH 2022: Karwa Chauth is a significant festival for Hindu women in India and is celebrated widely across north Indian states like Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Punjab. This year, it is being celebrated today on Thursday, October 13. Women adorn themselves in new clothes and solah shringar and perform Karwa Chauth puja for a happy and blissful marriage. On this day, women observe a day-long nirjala fast, which means they avoid consuming water or food between sunrise and sunset on this day.
As Indian married women gear up to celebrate the auspicious occasion, let us find out the reason behind the celebration of Karwa Chauth:
About the Author